Forest degradation as a result of logging, shifting cultivation, agriculture and urban development is a major issue throughout the tropics. It leads to loss in soil fertility, water resources and biodiversity, as well as contributes to climate change. Efforts are therefore required to try to minimize further degradation and restore tropical forests in a sustainable way. This is the first research-based book to examine this problem in East Africa. The specific focus is on the forests of Ethiopia, Tanzania and Uganda, but the lessons learned are shown to be applicable to neighbouring countries and others in the tropics. A wide range of forest types are covered, from dry Miombo forest and afromontane forests, to forest-savannah mosaics and wet forest types. Current management practices are assessed and examples of good practice presented. The role of local people is also emphasized. The authors describe improved management and restoration through silviculture, plantation forestry and agroforestry, leading to improvements in timber production, biodiversity conservation and the livelihoods of local people.

MySearchLab provides students with a complete understanding of the research process so they can complete research projects confidently and efficiently. Students and instructors with an internet connection can visit www.MySearchLab.com and receive immediate access to thousands of full articles from the EBSCO ContentSelect database. In addition, MySearchLab offers extensive content on the research process itself—including tips on how to navigate and maximize time in the campus library, a step-by-step guide on writing a research paper, and instructions on how to finish an academic assignment with endnotes and bibliography.

This explicitly feminist look at women and work presents data and research on the wide range of work performed by women in our society, and analyzes it from the distinct theoretical perspective of socialist feminism. It highlights the lives, the work, and the experiences of women of different races and classes through the different types of work they do. Addresses the full range of women's work--productive work done in the labor market, reproductive work performed mainly in the home, and the additional work women perform for the state (by the state regulation of women's lives in the areas of employment and children). Contrasts the socialist feminist perspective with other major theoretical perspectives from sociology and women's studies. Expresses the voices and experiences of women through qualitative research data and excerpts from the creative literature (by and about women, including women of color). Features original tables that describe the contemporary socio-economic standing of women in the U.S. For anyone interested in women's studies, the sociology of women, gender roles, social stratification, women cross-culturally, work and occupations.

The mythology of nineteenth-century American economic exceptionalism trumpeted the positive work incentives prevailing in a society of scarce labor, weak class barriers, and abundant opportunity. This ideology agreed with the optimistic vein of political economy, in which high wages went hand in hand with increased productivity. What, then, was the supposed role of poverty, the fear of poverty, and other "negative" work incentives in the era of early industrial capitalism and escalating sectional conflict over slavery? American Exceptionalism, American Anxiety examines a wide spectrum of antebellum American thought on these and related issues, including slavery and cheap immigrant and female sweated labor.

Some leading American critics of slavery and "indiscriminate" poor relief suggested that "free market" compulsions of hunger and thirst were therapeutic and ennobling and by themselves elevated capitalist wage labor above chattel servitude. Others, including prominent Republican proponents of the mythology of northern American exceptionalism, tied the legitimacy of capitalist wage labor to the hireling's ability to commodify his labor to his own advantage. Distinct from both these groups were labor-reform critics who insisted both that capitalists were finding "starvation wages" sufficiently labor-inducing and that the "lash" of poverty demoralized and crushed, rather than ennobled, northern wage laborers. Glickstein pays particular attention to neglected early nineteenth-century debates over the circumstances under which the allure to employers of "cheap" or otherwise "servile" labor trumped the supposed superior productivity of more generously compensated, "respectable" free labor. In probing Republican commentators' paradoxical fear that northern white labor could not withstand competition from "inferior" slave labor, for example, he challenges the still-dominant characterization of Republican Party free-labor ideology as an optimistic, self-confident creed.

In the course of exploring the dark side of antebellum American labor ideologies, Glickstein engages some of the most significant issues in antebellum historiography, including the market revolution, the linguistic turn, whiteness as an axis of self-identity, and bourgeois ideological hegemony.

HISTORY OF Till!: LETTE£t r. . '," . . KCl1sir:glon, 291h !"cwembfl' HlU. lf> FHIf;~HH; 1. 'VB hnye l'ecently ~een n rescript from the King to the Bishops, the object C)f which wa.s to cause them to call I.lpon their Clergy, to cause c.ollcctions of money to he made in the several pariBhc3 throughout England, for the purpose (f promoting 'what is called the (C ?'eligious education" of the people. The Bishops, in conveying their instructions, on this subject, to their Clergy, direct them to send the money thus collected to a Mr. JOSII{;A ,"VATSO!{, ill London, who, ir seems, is the Treasurer of this rcligioua eduGatio~ concern, and who is, or lately was, a wine and spirit dealer, in. llincing-Iane, Fenchurch-street. This same Jlr.'VATSO~ is also the head man of a society, ca.lled the " Society for promoting Christian Knowledge." The present Bishop oC ,"Vinchester, in his first charge to the Clergy of his diocese. say?, that this society is t

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Today, reforestation in Latin America is more than planting trees in formerly forested landscapes. Rather, reforestation with native trees, in both mixed and pure plantations, can restore degraded pasturelands and can also foster regeneration under the plantations' canopies. The planted trees can later be harvested, and the released understory can provide a regenerating forest to be managed for future economic profits, as well as biodiversity and other environmental services. Reforestation strategies can also include non-timber forest products with economic, medicinal, social and aesthetic values and services. This book discusses the economic and ecological benefits of forest restoration in Latin America.

The discussion of ideas, methods, scientific results, empirical practices and perspectives on the restoration of high diversity tropical and subtropical forest formations is the objective of this book; however, principles here proposed may be used in other less complex forest formations. Special attention is given to the role of the ecological processes on the restoration of functional forest communities, once the composition and structure of these natural or even restored communities change in space and time.